Are you looking to hire top React Native Developers to build mobile apps? It doesn’t come as a surprise as React Native is the latest trend in the app development framework As a result, there are a prolific number of React Native app development companies making their way into the market. The cost-effectiveness and speed of app development achieved due to its compatibility across various platforms have contributed to its popularity. We, at TopDevelopers.co, have curated a list of top React Native development agencies based on hours of research that tested the companies on various criteria. These top React Native app developers are capable of catering to your business and your app development requirements by providing you with the most convincing solution.
3408 Companies | Last Updated 22 August, 2025
Your Technology Partner
Techpearl is the Best software development company based out of Bangalore, India. Techpearl works as your technology partner providing end-to-end software services for Software Product Development. We work on all the latest technologies including Android, IOS Native, Ionic Framework, AWS Serverless, Python, Django, NodeJS, Ruby On Rails, AngularJS, Sql Server, MySQL,PostgreSQL, DynamoDB, MongoDB, Wordpress. Explore the detailed profile of Techpearl Software Pvt Ltd
11 to 50
Up to $25
$10001 - $25000
India
Top App Development Company
ODW Inc. is a full-service digital agency offering Design, Digital Marketing, Development, Technology & Branding strategies. We’ll also helps businesses and startups in designing & building a product right from scratch and then bring the market to them by both paid & organic digital marketing strategies. We have been finding custom solutions, providing flawless user experiences & creating advancements in the digital world since 2012, while nurturing all kinds of verticals from across the globe. Explore the detailed profile of ODW Inc
51 to 250
$51 - $100
$5001 - $10000
India
EXPOSE YOUR WEB & APP WITH BEST WAY
Supyar Technologies is a visionary Software Product Development Company that brings you effective software product development solutions that stabilize and strengthen your enterprise in the storm of evolving technology and latest industry trends. At Supyar Technologies you will find top-notch product development software solutions and enterprise software, system software, embedded software etc that help your enterprise emerge as a leader in your enterprise vertical. We are one of the finest caterers of software product development services, with…Explore the detailed profile of Supyar Technologies Pvt Ltd
2 to 10
Up to $25
Less than - $5000
India
There's always a way to do it better
At RethinkUX we help companies to grow their businesses by developing their websites and mobile applications with a good UX strategy. We love to build intuitive mobile applications and websites that are easy to use and loved by the users. Whether you say it or not, human beings love beauty and that’s why we build clear, intuitive, and beautiful user interfaces in all our projects. Explore the detailed profile of Rethink UX
11 to 50
Up to $25
$5001 - $10000
India, Australia
Crown Hill IT Solutions is the Best digital marketing
Crown Hill IT Solutions provides an extensive variety of excellent digital marketing services, geared to satisfy the unique demands of organizations across industries. Our group of experts develops specialized plans To raise your internet presence, draw in quality leads, and boost conversions. We have utilized our expertise in digital marketing to assist multiple businesses in achieving verifiable growth and measurable results. We are committed to giving regular updates, performance summaries, and strategy insights to our clients so they are always…Explore the detailed profile of Crown Hill IT Solutions
11 to 50
Up to $25
Less than - $5000
India
Beyond Ordinary Solutions
Software Alliance, a trusted partner in software development and IT services. We empower businesses with tailored, scalable solutions. We are an award-winning digital development company committed to providing AI-powered tech solutions. We are helping businesses with product design, development, and technology acceleration. Services We Offer Discover our diverse range of innovative solutions designed to drive your business forward. From cutting-edge software development services to digital marketing and cloud solutions, we cover all. Blockchain…Explore the detailed profile of Software Alliance
51 to 250
$26 - $50
$5001 - $10000
Pakistan
Ecommerce web design and Development
TekMutants is a top eCommerce web design and development company. We are a futuristic company that has worked from startups to large enterprises who are looking to solve their business challenges and growing customer demand through technology. We have continuously invested in our human resources, technology infrastructure, and developer community to bring the latest innovations to our customers. Our…Explore the detailed profile of Tekmutants
Reliable Mobile Application Development Partner
2 to 10
Up to $25
Less than - $5000
USA, UAE, India
Adorebits helps businesses to tap new opportunities and
For 6+ Years now Adorebits Technology has been a preferred web development company for hundreds of businesses and agencies. We are a one-stop marketplace to hire expert web developers across all major web technologies including WordPress, ReactJS, NodeJS, Laravel, Shopify, etc. We are recognized as the official technical development partner by the European Chamber of Commerce for Distributed Ledger Technologies and Crypto Currencies. And we have over 30+ web developers placed with reputed B2B web agencies across the globe. Explore the detailed profile of Adorebits Technology
11 to 50
Up to $25
Less than - $5000
USA
We Make IT Work For You
We provide the perfect solution for your organization. We have the right software solutions and customize these for your business needs. We provide android app development, IOS app development, PHP web development and game development including a cryptocurrency and facial recognition system. Explore the detailed profile of Tech Star Global
11 to 50
$26 - $50
Less than - $5000
Malaysia
A Software Outsourcing Services Company
Empower your business with our software development and growth solutions, designed to drive innovation and success. We offer a wide range of IT outsourcing services, including: - Custom software development - Web development - Mobile application development - QA/Testing - IT Consulting Contact us at: [email protected] Our website: https://topsquad.dev/ Explore the detailed profile of TopSquad
Great experience working with them
11 to 50
Up to $25
$5001 - $10000
Vietnam
Software Web Development Company in India
Ameotech Informatics is an IT Company based in India, that offers Web Development Services & Mobile Apps services.We provide the most cutting-edge, reliable and cost-effective software solutions to fulfil your company’s needs. Our mission is to elaborate businesses with innovative solutions. More than 12+ years our team is providing a great business solutions to increase your sells, moreover, as well as delivery a leadership strategy on the market. Explore the detailed profile of Ameotech Informatics
51 to 250
$26 - $50
$5001 - $10000
India
Cutting-Edge Software Development for Digital Success
Diligent Technologies is a leading software development service provider dedicated to helping businesses bring their digital visions to life. With a team of experienced developers who have over 10 years of experience, we specialize in custom software solutions that are tailored to meet the unique needs of each of our clients. Our Agile development process, use of cutting-edge tools and technologies, and commitment to transparency, communication, and delivering value have earned us numerous awards and accolades from satisfied clients. Explore the detailed profile of Diligent Technologies
51 to 250
Up to $25
$5001 - $10000
USA
You imagine We Develop
BitAce Technologies Pvt. Ltd. is a leading “IT solution & consultation” providing company since 2011. We have successfully delivered perfect solutions to 1000+ clients from worldwide. We believe in providing professional experience to clients with our “customized software solutions”. We are always motivated to evolve ourselves in IT with latest tactics that’s why we provide custom solution to our clients up to the benchmark level. We do not try to adjust our client’s requirements in predefined frames, we…Explore the detailed profile of BitAce Technologies Pvt. Ltd.
11 to 50
Up to $25
Less than - $5000
India
Helping to architect your
SMAC Technology Labs is a Digital Engineering company, helping to architect your "digital dreams" to perfections. We help companies innovate and grow with cutting-edge software products that are beautiful, reliable, and easy to use. SMAC has been focused on four key areas(Social, Mobile, Analytic & Cloud) of Development and consulting that helps enterprises and on-line businesses go from ideation to execution. Our team of designers, developers & engineers can bring your idea into life - from planning to implementation. We’ll help you…Explore the detailed profile of SMAC Technology Labs Pvt Ltd
11 to 50
Up to $25
Less than - $5000
India
We are your IT Solution Partners
Techify stands as the fastest-growing global tech company, with a presence in India and the United States and a diverse client base spanning India, USA, Australia, and UAE. Our team is renowned for its talent, passion, and unwavering commitment to continuous learning. At the heart of Techify's ethos is a profound dedication to providing innovative solutions and technologies. We are driven by our mission to empower our customers, fostering the growth of their businesses through our supportive partnership. Our vision is to become one of…Explore the detailed profile of Techify Solutions INC
11 to 50
$51 - $100
$10001 - $25000
USA
Creating things that matters
thirstyDevs serves its best in the field of IT solutions where it engraves the necessary mobile applications and its solutions in the market. Specialty in developing on-demand applications for business purposes. You can boost up your business with the help of us and get started now. With developing applications, we ensure the after services and support 24x7 with well-versed developed technology. Explore the detailed profile of thirstyDevs Infotech LLP
11 to 50
$51 - $100
$10001 - $25000
India
Aim For Creativity
ITAIMS is an global IT services company that will help you unleash the true potential of your business. We will identify what resonates best with your brand image and use the most effective techniques to achieve the desired results.. Our next-gen web and app development services are here to create a bespoke experience for you. With development services that are designed exclusively for your business needs, we believe that there is no one- size- fits- all approach. Explore the detailed profile of ITAIMS
11 to 50
$51 - $100
$5001 - $10000
A Complete Digital Solution Company
At Debtech, we have skilled team members who hold knowledge and experience of more than 10 years in various fields of website and logo designing, content management, programming languages, and databases like SQL, Oracle, MySQL. We have worked for different niche of business such as e-commerce, grocery, and much more. We have also been awarded as the most innovative website and the best designing company, respectively. Our team of developers, designers, and digital marketers, are absolutely passionate about their work and therefore show commitment…Explore the detailed profile of Debtech LLC
11 to 50
Up to $25
Less than - $5000
USA
Our IT Services are Not Limited.
I am running a software company named TechnoLyte and we are dealing with Android, iOS, (Native + Flutter) and Web App (Laravel & MERN) and Shopify development. By the grace of Allah Almighty, we are increasing our team size rapidly. Before that, I have great experience in Mobile app development and Project Management from Software Company. And as a Lead here, I am providing software consulting…Explore the detailed profile of TechnoLyte
A good solution provider
11 to 50
Up to $25
$10001 - $25000
Pakistan
Transforming Businesses Through Digitally
MMC Global is a top-tier mobile app development company based in Austin, Texas, with a growing presence in the UK and UAE. With over a decade of experience, the company has helped more than 2,500 global clients bring their app ideas to life offering cutting-edge solutions across iOS, Android, cross-platform, and wearable devices. From startups to enterprises, MMC Global builds high-performance, user-focused…Explore the detailed profile of MMC Global
Highly Recommended For All Types Of Apps
51 to 250
$26 - $50
Less than - $5000
USA, UAE
Tekquipping Visionaries
Full service IT Business Solutions company specialized in Websites, eCommerce, EdTech solutions, Web and Mobile apps, Custom software development. Explore the detailed profile of World Vision Softek
11 to 50
$26 - $50
$5001 - $10000
India
We Create Remarkable User Experience
We are a Toronto based web design firm, specialized in design, implementation and maintenance of enterprise web applications using LAMP technology and the latest open source applications and Web 2.0 notations.We build our sites using web standards, which means cross browser compatibility, improved accessibility and better search engine ranking. We have the skills to make your ideas a reality We know your website is your dream, your passion, your business, your hope and your connection to the world. We work sincerely and passionately to keep your…Explore the detailed profile of Digilite US
51 to 250
$26 - $50
$5001 - $10000
USA
Digital Transformation & Technology Innovation
At Dynamic Edge Creative, we don’t write just mere lines of code. We compose software solutions to problems that matter. Over the past few years, our brand has emerged as the industry leader in the Information and Technology industry who provides majorly in Mobile Application Development and Web Application Development. To us, code is like a powerful piece of poetry capable of empowering lives. As much as we like software, it is our people and the culture that are our most valuable assets. In an industry where technology changes at a rapid…Explore the detailed profile of Dynamic Edge Creative
11 to 50
$26 - $50
Less than - $5000
USA
End-to-end app development, strategy, and design.
Mobile app developer, product builder, service provider, design studio, emerging tech consultancy, strategic innovation partner – a different kind of animal. For over 10 years, we’ve partnered with brands, across industries, to build digital business solutions and user experiences that change how people live, work, and play – every day. With trusted expertise, collaboration, and continuous support and iteration, we build custom app solutions for our clients. These solutions apply emerging technologies, uniting the physical and…Explore the detailed profile of Mutual Mobile
51 to 250
$151 - $200
$25001 - $50000
USA, India
Technology & Innovation
Amaze One is the leading Mobile App & Software Development Company in USA. Web Application Development, Digital Marketing, and Creative Design Services are some of the best services at Amaze One in USA. Amaze One provides the best software products such as Lead Management software, Facility Management Software, Hospital Management Software, Office Collaboration System and more at an affordable cost. Amaze One has a dedicated team of IT professionals who can help you in solving your business challenges. We build and manage many mission-critical…Explore the detailed profile of Amaze One
51 to 250
$26 - $50
$5001 - $10000
USA
TYPO3 CMS and Laravel Development Company
Spawoz is a one-stop-shop for all your agile software development services. With cutting-edge technologies, quick turnaround time, and affordable pricing, we help you turn your product from concept to reality.Having the best Technical Experts in Web Design and Development we thrive to be the best Agile Software Development Team.And what makes us the trailblazer is our exceptional expertise stack on Laravel and TYPO3 Development services. Explore the detailed profile of Spawoz Technologies
11 to 50
$26 - $50
Less than - $5000
India
Delivering Excellence Through Dedication
Unlock the power of digital transformation with Spadasoft, your go-to software development company! With a wealth of expertise and a passion for innovation, we offer a comprehensive suite of services to fuel your online success. From SEO and SMM to mobile app development, web development, and graphic designing, we have you covered. At Spadasoft, we are committed to delivering excellence in every project we undertake. Our team of skilled professionals combines technical expertise with creative flair to deliver solutions that drive results and propel…Explore the detailed profile of Spadasoft Development Software
11 to 50
Up to $25
Less than - $5000
Bahrain
SEO company in india
Fuel4Media Technologies is a results-driven digital marketing agency that provides consulting and development services including website design and development, search engine optimization, PPC management, social media marketing, conversion rate optimization, content marketing, eCommerce development and marketing services, and more. We help businesses of all sizes across different industry verticals to create digital experiences that engage, educate, and activate customers. Explore the detailed profile of Fuel4Media Technologies
11 to 50
$26 - $50
$5001 - $10000
India
Better Technology Solution
EpixelSoft is committed to transforming your business ideas into robust, scalable, and high-performing software solutions. As a leading software development company, we specialize in various services including custom web and mobile application development, cloud computing, e-commerce solutions, UI/UX design, and enterprise software integration. Our expertise spans the latest technologies such as AI and machine learning, blockchain, Internet of Things (IoT), and big data analytics, ensuring your business stays ahead in the digital landscape. Our…Explore the detailed profile of EPixelSoft®
11 to 50
$26 - $50
$10001 - $25000
India
Kitrum boosts IT solutions for your business — fast,
What is KITRUM? Kitrum boosts IT solutions for your business — fast, smart, and nimble. MVP for several weeks, improvements and complex features for months, scaling for a year, and support with maintenance — forever. We work with top experts — over 70% of the team are seniors, and more than 10% are mid-level professionals. Our company has 4 hubs worldwide from…Explore the detailed profile of KITRUM
Outstanding first experience with KitRUM
51 to 250
$26 - $50
$25001 - $50000
USA, Poland, Ukraine
Customers are Us
Bluecast was formed by a group of industry experts with over two decades of industry experience in Dubai in 2012 to provide quality software consultancy and services to Government agencies and corporate companies in Dubai. The leadership team has experience with multi-national companies such as United Airlines, American Express, Atraxis AG., Emirates Airlines, Western Union, Singapore Airlines, Sanlam Insurance, Saudi Arabian Airlines, in diverse geographies and cultures from the Far East (Singapore, Malaysia) and the Middle East (UAE, KSA) to…Explore the detailed profile of Bluecast Technologies
11 to 50
$26 - $50
$5001 - $10000
UAE
Smash Interactive is a Miami online marketing agency that understands and appreciates the complexity and limitless opportunities of a well planned and executed digital strategy. When it comes to interactive advertising solutions, Search Engine Optimization, responsive design, and multi-channel marketing, we focus on giving your company the creative edge needed to break through the clutter and reach your target audience. We are natural talent and fine-tuned skill curated to form a team capable of generating engaging content, accelerating growth…Explore the detailed profile of Smash Interactive Agency
51 to 250
$26 - $50
Less than - $5000
USA
Blockchain Development Company - Elevating Businesses
At Seven Bits Technologies, we offer a comprehensive range of services aimed at harnessing the power of blockchain technology to drive innovation and transformation across various industries. With offices in India, Singapore, and Australia, we are dedicated to providing innovative blockchain solutions to clients worldwide. Our team of experienced blockchain developers and experts is committed to delivering high-quality solutions tailored to meet your specific requirements. Whether you're looking to launch a new project, optimize existing systems,…Explore the detailed profile of Seven Bits Technologies
51 to 250
$26 - $50
$5001 - $10000
Singapore
Scale up your business with innovative digital experiences
Epixel solutions is a leading software development company that specializes in business transformation for all sizes of organizations. They offer all the expertise and resources you need to identify areas of your business that are slowing down growth and help transform them into strategies aligned with your goals. Epixel has successfully helped many companies by optimizing their operations, streamlining processes, reducing costs, and increasing profitability. They are a digital transformation agency that uses data-powered solutions to help…Explore the detailed profile of Epixel Solutions
51 to 250
$26 - $50
Less than - $5000
USA
We aspire to create a world that inspires, connects and
V2STech Solutions offers a spectrum of software implementation services. Our core offering includes services like software integration; product design & development. We specialize in providing solutions for Microservice implementation, Middleware ESB implementation, Event driven application integrations and High volume application integration. Established in 2013, we are trusted IT consulting…Explore the detailed profile of V2STech Solutions Pvt Ltd
Great to work with V2STech solution
11 to 50
Up to $25
$5001 - $10000
India
React Native is a popular open-source UI framework for developing mobile applications for Android, iOS, Web, Windows, and more using native platform capabilities and React. React Native allows you to create native-like user interfaces with a single codebase that can run on both iOS and Android devices.
Some of the benefits of choosing React Native for your app development are:
If you want to build a high-quality mobile app that can reach a wider audience with less time and cost, hiring React Native developers is a great choice for you. There are other myriad reasons why you should opt for dedicated programmers from React Native development companies.
React Native development is based on a framework that allows developers to create cross-platform mobile applications, which means that the same codebase can run on both iOS and Android devices. Hiring experienced React Native developers will help to reduce development time and cost.
Top React Native development companies have experienced and skilled developers. They are able to build top-quality applications which can perform according to your requirement. Therefore, hiring such React Native developers will be beneficial for you.
One of the benefits to create an app using React Native is its hot reloading support. Hot reloading allows developers to see the changes they make to their code instantly reflected on their app without losing the state. Thus, React Native development services always mean saving time and improving productivity, as well as enabling faster feedback and iteration cycles that in turn provide a faster turnaround time to launch your application.
One of the advantages of React Native is that it supports third-party plugins for better customization, which are modules that extend the functionality of the framework. They can also offer custom UI components, animations, utilities, and integrations with other React Native app development services. Having React Native developer with experience in working with this feature will help to simplify the development process for your application.
As it is used for cross-platform development, it reduces development time significantly by enabling code reuse across different platforms and simplifying the UI design. Also, when you hire experienced React Native developers from react native app development companies, they ought to use a modular architecture that facilitates easy up-gradation and updates to help save time on the development of app.
React Native apps perform better than native apps because they use a single codebase for both iOS and Android platforms. This reduces the development time and cost, as well as the maintenance effort. It also leverages the native UI components and modules of each platform, which ensures a smooth and consistent UX.
React Native has strong community support that can help developers with various aspects of their projects. The official React Native website provides documentation, tutorials, guides, and showcases of React Native apps. Moreover, the React Native GitHub repository hosts the source code, issues, pull requests, and releases of React Native. Hence hiring developers of the well-known framework can get your app built with long-lasting support.
An ideal React Native development company should have a dedicated React Native developer team that will focus specifically on React Native projects and has specialists deployed to handle them efficiently. These specialists should have good coding knowledge and understanding of both iOS and Android platforms as it will enable them to code efficiently in React Native. Hence always look at the credentials of the actual team who will be working on your react native project.
A professional React Native App Development company will have a continuous feedback loop to engage you in effective communication. They will be prompt in communicating with you about your requirements. A firm which is good in communication will help you in avoiding frustrating misunderstandings and also guide you in case your approach, which concerns the app development process won't deliver optimum results. An active communication loop at a regular interval will ensure that the app is delivered on time without any hiccups. Always think twice about a company which does not encourage two-way communication as more often than not, it results in a sub-standard app.
Ask your React Native development agency how they plan to develop the app and how their app development process differs from that of developing a native iOS or Android app. This question will allow you to peek into the minds of your app development company and will facilitate in gauging their ability to execute the project.
Always take proper cost break-up of all the features that you want to include in your app, this will aid you in eliminating unnecessary features and hence keep a tab on costs. If the scope of your project is fixed, then go for a lump sum quote for the entire app development project using React Native; if the scope is dynamic, then ask for an hourly rate. Also, be sure to ask your React Native app development service provider how and when the payments are to be made. It is always a good practice to divide the development process into specific milestones, which are needed to be achieved by your React Native development company to release the payment.
Getting timely updates is indispensable in ensuring that the React Native development process is completed without a glitch. Enquire how frequently the developer will communicate with you or provide updates about the phase of the app development process. Also, ask them about the modes of communication that will be followed. Asking these two questions before finalizing your React Native development company will iron out any confusion and allow for a focused completion of the project within the stipulated deadline.
Usually, the code ownership rights are with the developer by default, make sure that the React Native development company transfers the ownership rights to you.
Mobile application maintenance is critical in ensuring the success of your app, as bugs will crop up once it is released into the user environment. If not resolved quickly and effectively, these bugs can affect the performance of your app and you can get the reviews on the app store in a negative manner. Have a clear understanding of the scope of app maintenance support which your app development company will be providing. The success of your React Native development project will depend on how good the app maintenance support is provided by the company.
It all starts with a simple business plan and then adding up the features and strategic steps as you analyze the market and learn about the user demands. Once you are set through the business objectives, it is time to hire React Native developers who shall dedicatedly work on your project.
Before you start any business project, you need to have a clear and realistic goal and project scope that aligns with your vision and mission. A goal is a desired outcome that you want to achieve within a specific timeframe and budget. It should be SMART: Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound.
One of the ways to check the level of React native app developers is to evaluate their knowledge of the core concepts and features of the framework, such as components, hooks, state management, navigation, testing, and debugging.
If you are looking for a React Native developer to work on your project, you need to check their portfolio carefully. A portfolio is a collection of projects that showcase the developer's skills, experience, and achievements. Look for React Native app development projects that are similar to yours in terms of complexity, functionality, and design.
Before you hire React Native Developers, you may check the skill set they use native UI components, access device features, and optimize performance and user experience. They also need to be familiar with common tools and libraries such as Expo, React Navigation, Redux, and TypeScript.
One of the most important steps before hiring an app development company is to verify their market reviews and ratings on online reputed directories such as TopDevelopers.co. This can help you assess their reputation, quality, reliability, and customer satisfaction. Before you seal the deal, look for their website, social media accounts, blog posts, portfolio, and testimonials for their React Native development services.
One of the key aspects of app development using React native framework is ensuring that the product is well-maintained and supported after its launch. Post-application launch support involves providing timely updates, bug fixes, security patches, user feedback, documentation, and training to the customers and users of the software.
React Native is a framework that allows developers to build native mobile applications using JavaScript and React.
Some of the tools and technologies used by React Native experts include Expo, React Navigation, Redux, TypeScript, Jest, and ESLint are the tools used to verify all sorts of React Native app development.
React Native is a JavaScript framework to write real, natively rendering mobile apps for both platforms iOS and Android. It's based on React, Meta's JavaScript library to build engaging UI, but instead of targeting the browser, it focuses on mobile platforms.
It all depends on your app development project needs. However, most of the businesses across the world prefer to hire the best react native developers to outsource their requirements. There are many top react native development companies in the world that offer great products and services at much affordable rates.
Be rest assured that you can easily find the best react native app development company with TopDevelopers.co even without any in-depth understanding of the technology. You just need to send you requirements in the most detailed manner possible and we will screen and share the best service providers you can opt for, from the top react native development companies based on your requirements.
There is a huge list of the best React native development companies in the world which we have put together here to make the hiring process easier for you. You can send your requirements to us we will check the best matches based on your requirements and suggest you the best companies. We'll help you get in touch with their expert business and technology consultants to discuss your business objectives. Once they listen to your ideas and concerns, they would get you a feasibility report and SOP. Based on those and other essential factors, app development using React native can be kick-started.
The hourly rate to differ from place to place where you hire React Native developers. For instance, if you hire React Native app developers from India, they shall cost you around $20-40 an hour; the same would cost you $50-80 in countries like the USA.
Some of the major companies that use React Native include Facebook (Now Meta), Walmart, Instagram, Artsy, Coinbase Pro, Airbnb, Tesla, and Microsoft.